The Effects of Pre-Meal and Post-Meal Exercise on Postprandial Glucose Excursions in Pregnant Women with Type 1 Diabetes 

Presenter: P. Acosta-Manzano

In pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), post-meal exercise during early to mid-gestation significantly improves postprandial glycemic control compared to pre-meal exercise. 

A randomized crossover trial with eight participants showed that in early to mid-pregnancy exercising after post meal increased time in euglycemia, reduced hyperglycemia, and lowered glucose variability when compared to premeal exercise. These benefits were independent of insulin, carbohydrate intake or appetite. In late gestation, no significant differences were observed between exercise timings. Thus, timing exercise after meals may be a simple, effective strategy to enhance glycemic control and reduce maternal-neonatal complications in early to mid-pregnancy for women with T1DM.

Early Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data and Overall Glycaemic Control in Gestational Diabetes 

Presenter: K. Zorko

A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial evaluated the relation between early (first 14 days) continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and overall pregnancy data in gestational diabetes.

Early CGM values were strongly associated with full-pregnancy glucose trends. Higher early CGM mean glucose was associated with need for insulin therapy (p = 0.002), increased sensor scanning was correlated with lower HbA1c at baseline (p = 0.003), insulin therapy (p=0.041), lower birthrate percentile (p=0.002) and risk of large-for-gestational-age births (p = 0.005). 

These findings the support the potential CGM use to guide individualized treatment and monitoring strategies for overall glycemic control in women with GDM.

Factors Predicting Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Presenter: P. R

This large retrospective cohort study of 2401 Indian women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) identified risk factors associated with adverse perinatal outcomes.

The significant risk factors for adverse perinatal outcomes were polycystic ovary syndrome (Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 1.71), gestational hypertension (aOR 1.86), preeclampsia (aOR 3.91), and family history of diabetes (aOR 3.65). Interestingly, early-onset GDM (<24 weeks gestation; aOR 0.58), higher pre-pregnancy BMI (aOR 0.97), and lower gestational age at delivery (aOR 0.84) were significantly associated with decreased odds of adverse perinatal outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of early identification GDM in the Indian context.

EASD 2025, 15th – 19th Sept 2025, Vienna, Austria.