In bio-exposed UC patients, upadacitinib showed superior corticosteroid-free remission at 16 weeks (60.1%) vs tofacitinib (38.9%) and filgotinib (36.8%). Drug retention was also higher with upadacitinib. No significant differences were seen in endoscopic or histologic outcomes. These findings support upadacitinib as the most effective JAK inhibitor in real-world UC care.

In UC patients, tofacitinib was linked to a higher herpes zoster (HZ) risk than anti-TNF therapy (HR 2.28; IRR 2.36). HZ incidence was 30.7 vs 13 per 1,000 person-years, with cumulative 3-year risk of 9.9% vs 3.8% (p=0.014). Younger age and higher comorbidity scores also increased risk. Vaccination with recombinant zoster vaccine is advised for those on tofacitinib.

Children with autoimmune disease (AD) faced an elevated risk of inflammatory respiratory conditions (IRCs), including chronic and acute rhinosinusitis (OR 2.09 and 1.75), chronic rhinitis (OR 1.86), and asthma (OR 1.86). Reverse analysis showed increased risk of AD in children with rhinosinusitis, particularly necrotizing vasculopathies (OR 3.93) and systemic lupus erythematosus (OR 3.28).

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) caused complications in 18%, double that of placebo (9.1%), a meta-analysis reported. The risks were similar to that noted with corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid. Most side effects were mild or moderate. The number needed to harm was 11, stressing the need for careful consideration before PRP therapy.

A study found that initiating dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR) within 3 to 4 minutes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients was associated with improved 30-day survival and favorable neurological outcomes. Delays beyond 4 minutes reduced survival chances by 37% (aOR 0.63), underscoring the urgent need for rapid DA-CPR initiation in emergency response.

In diabetic patients undergoing lower extremity amputation (LEA), the Clinical Fragility Scale (CFS) proved a strong predictor of survival outcomes. Those with moderate to severe frailty (CFS 3–4 and 5–9) had markedly lower overall survival (HR 1.82 and HR 4.58), amputation-free survival (HR 1.57 and HR 4.03), and leg salvage rates(HR 1.43 and HR 2.47) compared to patients with low frailty (CFS 1–2).