This infographic covers the key changes in GOLD 2025 Report published for guidance on management of COPD.

The consensus on atopic dermatitis (AD) recommends moisturizers and emollients as the cornerstone of care, with topical corticosteroids (TCS) and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) as first-line options, and cyclosporin preferred for systemic treatment. Alternatives for severe cases include phototherapy, adjuvant therapy, apremilast, and off-label biologics.

Elevated serum total alkaline phosphatase (T-ALP) levels were linked to reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher risk of osteoporosis. The study found that a 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in T-ALP raised osteoporosis prevalence by 0.5% and mortality by 0.4%, particularly in patients with osteoporosis. This highlighted the potential of T-ALP as an early biomarker for osteoporosis detection and prognosis.

A large study of over 2.4 million individuals with type 2 diabetes found that heavy alcohol consumption increased the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB), with a hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.21. Mild-to-moderate alcohol consumption was linked to lower TB risk (aHR 0.92). The risk significantly increased for alcohol intake of 20 g/day or more, with current smokers at an even higher risk, revealing a J-shaped curve.

Over 52% of adults with atopic dermatitis (AD) developed at least one comorbidity, with allergic rhinitis, food allergies, & asthma being the most common, found a study. A family history of allergic rhinitis or sinusitis increased the risk of comorbidities (OR 3.60), while elevated IgE levels showed a protective role. Additionally, familial atopy scores were positively associated with comorbidity development.

A three-year study revealed a strong link between circadian syndrome and gallstones, with patients showing a 117% higher risk of developing gallstones. The risk was notably higher in non-smokers, suggesting lifestyle factors may play a role. Despite this, the number of circadian syndrome components did not significantly affect the risk, underscoring the role of circadian health in preventing gallstones.