North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition provides a standardized definition with a management pathway, timely identification, combined with stimulant laxative use along with common treatment strategies for better quality of life.

This guideline emphasizes on the need for diagnostic education, dietary treatment, hypnotherapy, use of specific probiotic/synbiotics, careful use of analgesics, and supports use of loperamide and bile acid sequestrants for abdominal pain related IBS.

Procalcitonin (PCT) and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) emerged as reliable markers for predicting acute pyelonephritis (APN) and kidney scarring in pediatric patients with febrile UTI (fUTI). PCT effectively predicted APN (AUC 0.86), while uNGAL showed modest diagnostic accuracy for scarring (AUC 0.74). Both biomarkers were elevated in children who developed kidney scarring post-fUTI.

Adults with poor sleep habits, including short or irregular sleep duration, trouble sleeping, and sleep disorders, are more prone to develop abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). Those with poor sleep patterns had a 65% higher risk of AAC and more than double the risk of severe AAC (OR 2.37). Findings spotlight sleep quality as a modifiable risk factor in AAC, especially in middle-aged and elderly adults.

An NHANES-based study identified asthma as a key risk amplifier for advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. Individuals with asthma had an 86% greater likelihood of having advanced CKD syndrome (stage 3 or 4) compared to non-asthmatics. This association remained robust after adjusting for confounders and across various analyses, underscoring the need to monitor CKM syndrome in asthma patients.

New data confirmed that diabetic retinopathy (DR) & nephropathy (DN) do not progress in parallel. Among end-stage renal disease patients, 65% had proliferative DR (PDR), while 18% had mild or no PDR. In contrast, 38% of patients with mild DN showed PDR. HbA1c was not linked to PDR progression, but factors like younger age, higher diastolic BP, albuminuria, & high serum creatinine were strongly associated with PDR.